Common Faults and Solutions of Fire Sprinkler Systems

Fire sprinkler systems are critical equipment for automatic fire suppression, but they can experience various malfunctions over time, affecting their proper function. The following are common malfunctions, their causes, and solutions:

1. Sprinkler head leakage or misfiring
Possible causes:
Cracked sprinkler bulb (due to external impact or high temperature, non-fire environment)
Deteriorated/corroded gasket (due to prolonged water pressure or poor water quality)
Improper installation (sprinkler head not tightened or sealant failure)
Solution:
Replace the damaged sprinkler head (same model, same temperature rating)
Check the system water pressure to avoid prolonged overpressure operation
Replace deteriorated seals and ensure a secure installation

2. Insufficient sprinkler system water pressure
Possible causes:
Clogged water supply pipes (rust, sediment accumulation)
Pump malfunction (motor damage, power supply problem)
Valve not fully opened or leaking
Solution:
Flush the pipes to remove sediment
Check the pump's operating status and repair or replace any faulty parts
Ensure all valves are properly opened

3. Sprinklers are not spraying water (will not activate during a fire)
Possible causes:
The sprinkler bulb has not reached its operating temperature (incorrect selection, such as using a low-temperature sprinkler in a high-temperature environment).
Water supply system malfunction (no water in the water tank, pump not starting).
Frozen or clogged pipes (no anti-freeze measures in cold regions).
Solution:
Check the sprinkler head temperature level (68°C for normal environments, 93°C or higher for high-temperature environments).
Test the water pump and water supply system to ensure normal water supply during a fire.
In cold regions, install anti-freeze measures (dry-type system or electric heat tracing).

4. System false alarms or frequent malfunctions
Possible causes:
Faulty water flow indicator (mechanical obstruction or electrical failure).
Pressure fluctuations causing false triggering (pump start-stop shock).
Control system misjudgment (sensor failure or wiring interference).
Solution:
Check the water flow indicator and clean or replace the faulty component.
Install a pressure stabilizer to reduce water hammer.
Test the alarm control system to eliminate the possibility of false alarms.

5. Pipeline corrosion or leaks
Possible causes:
Poor water quality causing rust (high mineral content or acidic water);
Prolonged humid environment accelerating corrosion;
Mechanical damage (improper construction or maintenance)
Solution:
Replace severely corroded pipes (galvanized steel or stainless steel is recommended);
Inspect pipe conditions regularly to prevent leaks;
Improve water quality and install water treatment equipment if necessary.

6. Sprinkler system unable to remotely or manually activate
Possible causes:
Control panel malfunction (power issue or programming error);
Stuck or damaged solenoid valve;
Signal transmission failure (circuit break or module damage)
Solution:
Check control panel power and programming, restart or replace;
Test solenoid valve, clean or replace faulty valve;
Check signal wiring to ensure proper communication

Fire sprinkler system maintenance recommendations
Monthly inspection: Test the pump, valves, and pressure gauge for proper operation.
Quarterly flush: Prevent pipe blockage.
Annual comprehensive inspection: Includes sprinkler head sensitivity and control system reliability.
Replace aging components: Sprinkler heads are recommended to be replaced every 10 years.